Scientists reveal anti-aging potential of rice wine

Researchers have long studied the effects of polyphenols on human health, uncovering their role in reducing the risk of diseases like cancer and cardiovascular conditions, Report informs via The Brighter Side News.

These naturally occurring plant compounds, found in fruits, vegetables, and certain beverages, are now the focus of efforts to develop dietary therapies that combat aging and oxidative stress.

Polyphenols work by neutralizing harmful molecules known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These compounds, generated through normal metabolism and environmental factors, contribute to cell damage and aging. By scavenging ROS, polyphenols slow down aging at the cellular level.

Their antioxidant capacity depends on the number and arrangement of hydroxyl groups in their structure. Studies show that increasing hydroxyl groups enhances antioxidant activity, demonstrating the structural importance of polyphenols in fighting oxidative stress.

Beyond direct antioxidant effects, polyphenols activate the body’s natural defense systems. They stimulate enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase, which help neutralize harmful molecules.

Research on mice revealed that compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and quercetin reduce oxidative stress by boosting these protective enzymes. Another study found that resveratrol increased levels of SOD and catalase, strengthening the body’s resistance to age-related damage.

Additionally, polyphenols influence the Nrf2 pathway, a key regulator of antioxidant responses. By enhancing Nrf2 activity, compounds like luteolin and resveratrol increase the production of protective enzymes, further reinforcing the body's defense against oxidative stress.