The study, by Professor Jack James, of Reykjavik University in Iceland suggest that pregnant women or those trying to conceive should consider avoiding caffeine, Report says, citing Sky News.
Women in these groups are currently told to have no more than 200 milligrams of caffeine per day.
Caffeine significantly increased the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
These include stillbirth, miscarriage, and low birth weight.
It also reported an increased risk of childhood acute leukemia and children being overweight or obese when born to mothers who consume caffeine during pregnancy.
Daghni Rajasingham, consultant obstetrician and spokesperson for the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, said: "The findings of this study add to the vast body of evidence that supports limited caffeine intake during pregnancy. However, pregnant women do not need to cut out caffeine, as this paper suggests entirely.