Dietary restriction (DR) promotes healthy aging in diverse species. Essential amino acids play a crucial role, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. The evolutionarily conserved Sestrin protein has recently been discovered as a sensor of amino acids in vitro.
Here, we show that Sestrin null mutant flies have a blunted response of lifespan to DR. A mutant Sestrin fly line, with blocked amino acid binding and TORC1 activation, showed delayed development, reduced fecundity, extended lifespan, and protection against lifespan-shortening, high-protein diets. Sestrin mediated reduced intestinal stem cell activity and gut cell turnover from DR, and stem cell proliferation in response to dietary amino acids by regulating the TOR pathway and autophagy. Sestrin expression in intestinal stem cells was sufficient to maintain gut homeostasis and extend lifespan. Sestrin is thus a molecular link between dietary amino acids, stem cell function, and longevity.
Scientists emphasize that sestrin may have a similar effect on the human body's aging process, but further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.