BP expects oil demand to peak next year and wind and solar capacity to grow rapidly in both of the two main scenarios in its annual Energy Outlook, a study of the evolution of the global energy system to 2050 it published on July 10, Report informs referring to Reuters.
Carbon emissions, caused predominantly by the burning of fossil fuels, also peak in the mid-2020s in both scenarios, which are as follows:
- The Current Trajectory scenario is based on climate policies and carbon reduction pledges already in place.
- The Net Zero scenario assumes a significant tightening of climate policies aligned with the 2015 UN-backed Paris climate agreement to cut the world's carbon emissions by around 95% by the middle of the century.
By 2050 energy demand in this scenario is around 5% higher than in 2022.
By contrast, energy demand peaks in the middle of the current decade under the Net Zero scenario before declining thereafter. Energy demand is around 25% lower in 2050 compared with 2022.
Under the Current Trajectory scenario, carbon emissions are far off the net zero ambition which most of the world's largest economies have committed to achieving.
Oil demand is expected to peak by 2025 at around 102 million barrels per day (bpd) under both scenarios. It however declines at a different pace in either outlook, driven primarily by the pace of falling oil use in road transport.
In the Current Trajectory, oil consumption gradually declines over the second half of the outlook to around 75 million bpd in 2050. The drop in oil use is more pronounced in Net Zero, with demand falling to 25 million-30 million bpd 2050.
Under the Net Zero scenario, gas demand peaks by around the middle of this decade and by 2050 is around half of its 2022 level, driven by a rapid switch to alternative energies in developed economies.
Around 80% of natural gas consumption is abated through carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology by 2050.
In both scenarios, demand for liquefied natural gas, a super-chilled fuel that can be transported, grows rapidly until 2030, rising by 40% and 30% above 2022 levels in the Current Trajectory and Net Zero, respectively.
LNG demand increases by more than 25% over the subsequent 20 years. This demand growth requires 300 Bcma of additional liquefaction capacity to come online post 2030.
In contrast, the gains in LNG demand out to 2030 in Net Zero are reversed over the following decade, and by 2050 global trade in LNG is around 40% below its 2022 level, implying that no additional liquefaction capacity beyond that already under construction is required.